Study in Germany: the ultimate guide for a PhD in 2024
Germany

The Ultimate Guide to Studying in Germany in 2024

Browse all PhD programmes in Germany

  • Oct-Sep Academic Year
  • 37 Listed Institutes
  • 77 Ranked Universities
  • 369,000 Int. Students
  • 3,280,000 Students
  • 83,884,000 Population

Study in Germany

We owe a lot to Germany when it comes to the history of education and universities. Germany is the birthplace of what we call ‘research universities’ – big places with ivory towers and libraries where new knowledge is produced every day.

This university model has since covered the entire planet, and is basically what most universities are set up for today: to produce knowledge and make new discoveries. Don’t you want to study in Germany, the place where it all began?

Why study in Germany?

1. German universities are tuition-free

Yes, you've read that right! Almost all public universities in Germany don't charge any tuition fees to international students, regardless of their nationality. This is a huge benefit, one that allows you to only focus on living costs, like accommodation, food, transport, and so on.

2. Germany is at the forefront of Engineering

Engineering and technology in general are highly valued by Germans. Whether we're talking about automobiles, highways, or monumental structures, Germany has it covered.

Even Tesla, one of the most important manufacturers of electric vehicles, decided to open a factory in Germany.

3. Top-quality higher education

We've mentioned that German public universities are free, but don't make the mistake of believing that free means low-quality. In Germany, it's exactly the opposite; over 60 universities and universities of applied sciences (UAS) are present in the most important international university rankings.

German higher education institutions have excellent standards, high expectations, and empower students to become leaders in their academic (and future professional) fields.

4. Achieve German language excellency

Even if you study an English-taught degree, don't miss the opportunity to either improve or start learning German.

It is an important language, thanks to Germany's position as one of the world's leading economies. Companies in Germany and other European nations are willing to pay high salaries for graduates with advanced German skills on their CV.

It's true that German isn't the easiest language to learn; but if you start with the basics and keep improving slowly, you will soon be surprised by your progress.

5. Excellent job prospects

Graduates with a diploma from German universities are highly valued on job markets, both in Germany and other countries. This happens because everybody recognises the impressive academic level of German education institutions.

Whether you want to stay in Germany and become part of their powerful economy or return to your home country or move somewhere else, a German degree will always make you stand out from other job candidates.

Which universities to attend in Germany?

You won’t have any trouble finding an excellent university to pursue your education in Germany. The whole country has plenty of options and places for you to search for your desired degree options.

Germany has different types of universities and institutions, offering classes that can apply to your specific needs. Whether they are those traditional research universities, universities of applied sciences (Fachhochschulen), or specialised art and music institutions, you can find the classes that fit your needs and interests best.

What is it like to study in Germany?

Students in Germany enjoy a variety of social events, both at their universities, and around the cities. Take a train to Oktoberfest, find an art festival, or spend a day at one of the many historic museums around every part of Germany.

Germany is also known for offering an exciting multicultural environment; you’ll be in classes with people from all over the world, and you’ll notice that several languages are spoken throughout the city you’re living in.

In your classes, you’ll be expected to show attentiveness with the lectures, punctuality, and an interest in participating. This may seem intense but you’ll find yourself growing and learning throughout your degree programme.

What to study in Germany?

Germany has Bachelor’s, Master’s and PhD programmes in nearly every subject or field you can imagine, and students all over the world find degree programmes that appeal to them and offer a unique education.

Here are some subjects you can find when you go attend a Germany university:

Where to study in Germany?

Germany is home to some of the biggest cities in the world, and each one has its own story to tell. Cities all over Germany are perfect for students and can offer you a great cultural life to enjoy time outside of your classes.

Check out some of these cities and learn more about what it is like to study there:

How to apply

So, how to apply to a university in Germany? Here are a few important steps:

  • If you’re hoping to be admitted to a university in Germany, follow these steps and make sure to have the right materials prepared for your application.
  • Have your graduating certificates (high school or university) ready to show, send, or scan. The application will typically call this an “Abitur.” You’ll want to double check that your degree is recognised by German universities.
  • You might have to take a written entrance examination
  • Make sure to know what the language requirements are, and whether you have to prove skills in German or English before enrolling in a degree programme.
  • Show how you performed as a student, and be sure to know what your Grade Point Average (GPA) was during your studies.
  • To help your chances of going to Germany, be sure to apply to more than one university!

Helpful ways to make sure you qualify for a Germany university

Take Preparation Courses

These kinds of courses enable degree-seeking students to get an extra educational boost just before they start their Master’s degree or other post-graduate degree programmes.

Try a pre-M.B.A., pre-Law, or pre-Medicine programme, as well as any other foundation or preparation courses that will allow you to study in the degree programme of your choice.

Improve your English through an English-language prep course

If you’re attending a degree programme in Germany, you will sometimes need to prove that your language skills are good enough to participate in the classes and understand the lectures; some schools will require German, while others will require strong English skills. These courses will also prepare you for any of the English-language tests that universities require.

English-language tests

Universities in Germany will want to see proof that you have good English-language skills, so that you can easily succeed in their courses. Almost all German universities accept these official English exams:

Living in Germany

In terms of tuition fees, Germany is a paradise for international students. Almost all public universities are free for international students, regardless of their country of origin. This means you'll only have to worry about living expenses and other administrative costs.

Tuition fees in Germany

The tuition fees in Germany all depend on where you decide to study. In October 2014, Germany abolished tuition fees for undergraduate and graduate international students (at public universities). However, the south-west state of Baden-Württemberg introduced tuition fees for non-EU/EEA students in the fall of 2017.

Master’s degree students enjoy tuition-free education as long as their degree programme is “consecutive”, or follows immediately after a Bachelor’s degree. However, “non-consecutive” degrees may require a tuition fee of up to 5,000 EUR per year (at public universities), and 30,000 EUR per year (at private universities).

Living costs in Germany

Thanks to the people at DAAD, the German Academic Exchange Service, we have a good breakdown of some of the living costs that students ought to expect while studying in Germany. Overall, you should prepare about 700–1,100 EUR/month. 

Monthly expenses:

  • Rent: 250–390 EUR
  • Utilities: 100–200 EUR
  • Food: 170 EUR
  • Clothing: 45 EUR
  • Travel expenses (public transport): 25–200 EUR
  • Health insurance and medical costs: 80 EUR
  • Phone/internet fees: 35 EUR
  • Course materials (books, learning materials): 20 EUR

About Germany

Because of its unique geographical location, Germany is right in the middle of several European countries, languages, histories, and cultures. The official language in Germany is, well…German, of course! But, in certain areas, you’ll also find English, Dutch, French, Turkish, Romani, Danish, and Polish. 

Did you know that Germany is Europe’s second largest beer consumer? No wonder everyone associates Germany with those big Beer Steins and Oktoberfest!

Also, right now, Germany is the world leader in climate and energy policy! What does this mean? Well, at least a third of the country is now powered by renewable energy.

Germany is a huge country, but if you have a chance to travel, there are several places you must see when you’re there.

  • The Rhine Valley
  • Neuschwanstein
  • The Black Forest
  • Cologne Cathedral
  • Minatur Wunderland

Universities, colleges and schools in Germany

Bamberg

Berlin

Bochum

Bonn

Bremen

Dresden

Erlangen

Freiburg

Göttingen

Halle

Hamburg

Hannover

Heidelberg

Jena

Kaiserslautern

Karlsruhe

Konstanz

Leipzig

Lübeck

Mannheim

Munster

München

Potsdam

Stuttgart

Tübingen

Ulm

Würzburg

Why study in Germany

Germany is a country where education has a strong research focus, clearly imposed high standards, a more traditional and hierarchical approach to lectures and seminars, and a highly competitive application system.  

 

There are over 400 higher education institutions in Germany, of which 59 universities feature in the World University Rankings. In Europe, German universities have always been highly regarded. And ‘always’, in this case, means since 1386 when they opened the first university in Heidelberg. And today, they care about higher education just as much: each year, Germany spends an average of 14,200 USD for each student (an amount higher than the OECD average of 11,800 USD). 

Why do international students choose to study in Germany?

1. Free higher education for international students 

Most public universities are free for all students, regardless of nationality, so many international students choose to study in Germany. However, getting in is not easy; the number of places is limited, and speaking German is usually necessary. On the other hand, private universities offer English-taught programmes, which are easier to get into, but also have quite expensive fees.  

2. Different types of study programmes for different fields of study 

In Germany, higher education is structured by fields of study and the specific goals of each degree. This means students benefit from clear career paths due to their specialised training and opportunities for professional development.  

3. Perfect place to study if you’re into Tech, Engineering, Arts, or Humanities 

German universities have consistently performed well in the field of Engineering & Technology. The country has a strong industrial and technological base which, combined with the strong partnerships between universities and industry, leads to high-performing, innovative study programmes perfect for tech enthusiasts.  

At the same time, German universities also excel in fields like philosophy, literature, and history. Kant, Hegel, Nietzsche, and Heidegger are just some German names that changed these fields forever.  

Culture in Germany

German people place a high value on being on time and getting things done in an organised manner. They are also hardworking and appreciate good discipline, while their communication style is direct. You will also find that Germans care a lot about social justice and environmental protection, and the country has many initiatives and programs in place to promote sustainability and social responsibility. 

Cultural diversity in Germany  

Germany is among the biggest countries in Europe and the second most populous on the continent (with a population of more than 83 million people). Its position in the continent's heart exposed it continuously to cultural influences: northern and southern, eastern and western-European.  

Germany reflects its complex history and regional differences. Generally, western Germany has a slightly higher quality of life and salaries than eastern Germany. At the same time, religion is less important in the East than in the West, and there are lower living costs. Some of the major cities in the East include Berlin, Leipzig, and Dresden. 

 

There are also cultural differences between the North and the South. The south is known for its traditional Bavarian culture, with lederhosen, dirndls (traditional clothes), and a strong beer culture. The north tends to be more international, with cities like Berlin and Hamburg known for their art scenes, nightlife, and fashion. 

 

Each region has its own distinct traditions, dialects, and culinary specialities. For example, Bavaria is known for its traditional folk costumes, beer festivals, and hearty cuisine, while the Rhineland is known for its carnival celebrations and love of wine. 

 

Different cultures in Germany 

The country is home to many different ethnic groups, including Turkish, Poles, Russians, Italians, Romanians and others. Each of these groups has its own unique cultural traditions, languages, and customs, which contribute to the overall cultural diversity of the country. According to the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, the largest immigrant population in Germany is from Turkey, with more than 1,4 million people as of December 2021. Naturally, Turkish is the most commonly spoken immigrant language; in many schools, students can study it as a second language and even choose it as a subject for the Abitur (the German exam taken at the end of high school before they can continue to university). 

 

Languages spoken in Germany 

The main language spoken in Germany is called German or "Deutsch" (not to be mistaken with Dutch, which is spoken in the Netherlands). In school, most Germans learn the so-called "Standarddeutsch" or "Hochdeutsch," the standard or high form of German. However, there are many different accents and dialects spoken throughout the country. 

 

Aside from German, several other languages are spoken in Germany due to its diverse population and history. Some of the most common are English, Turkish, Polish, Arabian, and Russian. You can get by knowing only one of these languages, especially English, which is taught in schools, and Turkish, which has a large immigrant population speaking it, but your experience will be limited. If you want to move past basic day-to-day activities or situations and want to enjoy socialising, as well as full work and study opportunities, then you need to learn German.  

 

German food culture 

Germany is known for its love of pork, beef, and sausages, served in hearty dishes, with potatoes, vegetables, and bread. Some of the most well-known German dishes include: 

  • Schnitzel - Thin, breaded and fried cutlets of meat, usually pork or veal, served with a side of potatoes, vegetables or salad. 
  • Sausages - Germany is famous for its many types of sausages, including bratwurst, weisswurst, and currywurst, often served with mustard and bread or potato salad. 
  • Sauerkraut - This is fermented cabbage commonly served as a side dish with meat. 
  • Spätzle - Noodles often served as a side dish with meat, stews or gravies. 
  • Pretzels - A soft, chewy bread often served as a snack with mustard or cheese. 
  • Black Forest Cake - A chocolate cake layered with cherries and whipped cream, named after the Black Forest region of Germany. 

Overall, German food culture is diverse and flavourful, and many German cities and regions also have unique specialities and local dishes. 

  

Weather in Germany 

Germany has a temperate climate with warm summers and cold winters. However, there are some regional variations. In summer, temperatures can reach up to 25-30°C (77-86°F), especially towards the south of the country where it’s warmer. In fact, the southwest has a Mediterranean climate so you can even see exotic trees like lemons, kiwis, and figs. In winter, on the other hand, temperatures below the freezing point and snowfall are not uncommon, particularly in the Bavarian Alps and the Black Forest.  

How to choose a university in Germany?

The first thing you should know when thinking about how to choose a university in Germany is that there are four types of higher education institutions, each with its own particularities: 

1. Universities. They have a strong focus on theoretical knowledge and research. 

2. Universities of applied sciences. These universities have a practical approach to learning. Their most common fields of study are Technology, Business, Social Services, and Media. 

3. Colleges of Art, Film, and Music. These universities are entirely dedicated to the study and practice of Art, Film, and Music; typically, there is a talent-based admission test, and specially gifted people might get in even if they don’t fulfil the other requirements.  

4. Cooperative universities. These universities combine academic learning with practical work in a company (they offer dual study programmes – duale hochschulen) 

Deciding where you want to study is a deeply personal choice, but there are a few general ideas you should consider, like your budget, the language requirements, or the location of the university. To simplify things, we’ve compiled a list of the main aspects to remember when deciding which German university is right for you. 

Choosing a university checklist: 

1. Depending on what you wish to study, find out which type of higher education institution offers the programme you’re interested in: universities, universities of applied sciences, colleges of art, film, and music, or cooperative universities.  2. Check the language of instruction: German is the primary language of instruction at most universities in Germany, although there are some programs taught in English. 3. Consider the key differences between different locations in Germany: 
  • East vs West: the east is a bit less wealthy than the west but has lower living costs.  
  • North vs South: The south is known for the traditional Bavarian culture, while the north tends to be more international. 
  • Rural vs Urban: many students choose to study in rural areas like Bayreuth, Göttingen, or Tübingen for a quieter lifestyle and access to outdoor activities. However, urban areas offer more opportunities for internships, jobs, and cultural events. 

4. Choose between public and private universities: public ones have free tuition fees but are much harder to get into and most likely have programmes taught in German; private ones have tuition fees that are quite expensive but will likely have programmes in English, and it’s easier to be admitted into one.  

5. Read student reviews to learn how other students feel at that university. If you access a programme of study on our portal, you can read tens of student reviews for each study programme. And if you're still in doubt, try chatting with students who are currently studying at universities you are interested in.  

>>> There are plenty of international study programmes to choose from on Studyportals: 2000 study programmes in Germany.  

What are the best universities in Germany 

 

Known for their high academic standards, strong focus on research, and emphasis on theoretical education, 59 universities in Germany feature in the most important World Rankings. Here are the top 5 universities in Germany:

  1. Technical University of Munich.Known for its strength in engineering and technology, the university also strongly focuses on interdisciplinary research and international collaborations. It is consistently ranked as one of the top universities in Germany and Europe.
  2. Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich. As one of the oldest universities in Germany, LMU has a strong reputation for research in a wide range of fields, including humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. It is located in the heart of Munich, known for its vibrant cultural scene and high quality of life.
  3. Heidelberg University. Located in the charming university town of Heidelberg, this university has a long history of academic excellence and research innovation. It is particularly known for its research in medicine, natural sciences, and humanities.
  4. Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin. This university is a medical school, one of the largest and most prestigious medical institutions in Europe. It strongly focuses on research and innovation in healthcare and is located in the vibrant city of Berlin.
  5. Humboldt University Berlin. Founded in 1810, Humboldt University has a long tradition of academic excellence and research innovation. It is particularly known for its strengths in humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences and is located in the heart of Berlin.

 

>>> The full list of university rankings in Germany.

What are the top student hubs in Germany

 

When you think of studying in Germany, the first place that comes to mind might be the dynamic and rapidly evolving Berlin, and it sure is a worthy destination. But Germany has quite a variety of student hubs that you should absolutely consider.

 

Berlin.The German capital is cosmopolitan, welcoming to international students and ex-pats, and more affordable than other capitals in central and western Europe. It is also home to several prestigious universities, including Humboldt University, the Technical University of Berlin, and the Free University of Berlin.

 

München. München, the third largest city in Germany, hosts the famous Oktoberfest celebration and is considered a hub of technology, art, culture, and business. On top of that, you will have a lot of opportunities to do awesome outdoor activities. It is also home to the top two universities in the country, as per the latest rankings: the Technical University of München and Ludwig Maximilian University.

 

Heidelberg.In Heidelberg, you can find the oldest university in Germany, dating from the 14th century: Heidelberg University. The city sits between a river and a forest, with its own castle ruins, old bridge, Gothic churches, and funicular railroads.  The historic city is one of the most beautiful in Germany.

 

Rhine - Ruhr region. This region is the largest metropolitan area in Germany and is an international, industrial, and educational hub. The area sits in the country's West and includes large cities like Düsseldorf, Köln, and Dortmund. In the Ruhr area alone, there are 22 universities, which makes it the area with the largest number of higher education institutions in Germany.

 

Overall, each of these student hubs in Germany offers a unique and distinct experience for students, with different cultural, historical, and natural attractions to explore.

Tuition Fees in Germany

Tuition fees in Germany depend on the type of university you attend – public or private – and on your level of study – undergraduate, postgraduate or doctorate degree.  

Public universitiesare free for all undergraduate students, meaning there are no tuition fees for international students. The only cost is a small administration fee of 265 EUR per year. 

For Master’s degrees, the situation is a little different. MAs are free only if you completed your Bachelor’s in Germany and your MA is in the same field of study. PhDs are usually free. 

The only exception to this rule is the Baden-Wurttemberg area (which includes the cities of Freiburg and Stuttgart), which has tuition fees for students outside the EU. Even in this area, some universities (e.g. The University of Stuttgart) allow you to apply for a tuition fee waiver if you’re going through financial hardship, or request a tuition fee reimbursement if your financial status changes and you start having difficulties after you’ve already paid.  

Private universities are paid. Tuition fees reach up to tens of thousands of euros per year. The average for a Bachelor’s degree is between 10,000 and 15,000 EUR per year, while a Master’s varies between 10,000 and 20,000 EUR per year. However, some universities can have tuition as high as 50-60,000 EUR, like Bard University from Berlin. 

>>> Use the ‘Tuition fee’ filter on the left menu of our Bachelor’s, Master’s, or PhD search pages to find the programme best suited for your budget. You can also sort the list of available programmes by Lowest tuition fee by clicking the top right Sort button. 

Can I study in Germany for free?

Yes, you can access free education in Germany for international students, and this is a big attraction point for students who want to study abroad in Europe. However, there are a few restrictions to accessing tuition-free programmes: 

  • You must study at a public university 
  • Undergraduate and PhD programmes are free, but the only way to study a Master’s in Germany for free is if you completed a BA in that country and your MA is in the same field of study as your BA.  
  • There is an exception to the rule: public universities in the state of Baden-Wurttemberg area have tuition fees for non-EU international students. Some of the best universities here are:  
  1. Heidelberg University 
  2. University of Tübingen 
  3. University of Freiburg 
  4. Ulm University 
  5. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) 
  6. University of Mannheim 
  7. University of Hohenheim 
  8. University of Konstanz 

Financial Aid and Scholarships in Germany

Because higher education in Germany is mostly free, there are not so many scholarships available. The main organisation offering scholarships and awards is Begabtenförderungswerke - scholarships for gifted students. 

This is a group of 13 scholarship providers supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research. 

 

Types of scholarships on offer

There are several types of financial aid and scholarships available in Germany, and to choose which ones are best fitted for you, you should keep in mind a few factors: eligibility, requirements, what kind of support they offer, and whether that meets your needs, how difficult is the application process, and how competitive is the award.   

These are the main scholarship types in Germany: 

  1. DAAD Scholarships: The German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) offers a wide range of scholarships for international students and researchers to study or conduct research in Germany. 

  1. Deutschlandstipendium: This is a merit-based scholarship that provides financial support to highly talented students enrolled in a degree program at a German university. 

  1. Erasmus+ Scholarships: The Erasmus+ program provides scholarships for students from EU member states to study or conduct research abroad, including in Germany. 

  1. StipendiumPlus: This is a scholarship program funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) that provides financial support to talented and committed students who face challenging social or personal circumstances. 

  1. Foundations and organisations: Many private foundations and organisations in Germany also offer scholarships to students based on academic merit, financial need, or other criteria. 

Where you can find scholarships

An excellent starting point when trying to figure out where to apply for scholarships is our Scholarshipportal.com, a database where we list over 1,700 scholarship opportunities for Germany.  

Other credible sources with up-to-date information about scholarships and financial aid: 

  1. Studyportals Scholarship – International Distinction Award, open to all international students – see FAQ about the award here. 
  2. Your preferred university's official website. They will likely award scholarships themselves or recommend partner organisations where to apply for financial aid.  
  3. Funding programmes for musicians and artists. If your area of study is art, music or film, you can also look into accessing a programme that supports artists and musicians.  

How to apply 

Once you’ve researched and shortlisted the scholarships you want to apply to, it’s time to get going with the actual application. Applying for a foreign university scholarship may be intimidating, but if you follow these steps, it won’t be that hard: 

  1. Check the eligibility criteria: ensure you meet all the requirements, including academic achievements, nationality, age, field of study, and more. Applying for a bursary or a university grant may have different rules from applying for a scholarship. 
  2. Gather the required documents: Financial aid providers all have a how-to-apply for university funding or scholarship page. This is the place to find and check what documents you need, things like transcripts, a motivation letter for applying to the scholarship, and recommendation letters. 
  3. Complete the application: pay attention as you fill out the scholarship application form to ensure you include all required information. 
  4. Submit the application: a very important step, take a deep breath and click submit! 
  5. Wait for a response: this may be harder than it sounds. But if you are shortlisted, you will probably be called for an interview or asked to provide additional information. See our advice on how to do well in a scholarship interview.  
  6. Accept the scholarship: the best part! If you are selected, read through the terms and conditions and accept the scholarship offer if you are happy with the terms. 

What to include in your application 

The specific requirements for a scholarship application will vary depending on the type of financial aid or scholarship and the program you are applying to. However, a scholarship application will always ask you to explain why you are applying for financial aid and how it will help you achieve your academic and career goals. This is usually done in a motivation letter or a request letter for your scholarship application, and it is the most important element of your application. That’s why it’s essential to Learn how to write a motivation letter for your scholarship.  

Other information to include in your application will likely be: 

  • Personal information 
  • Academic background, such as your academic transcripts, degrees, and certificates 
  • Letters of recommendation, typically provided by teachers, professors, or employers who can vouch for your academic abilities and potential 
  • Financial Information 
  • Essays or writing samples that demonstrate your writing skills and ability to think critically. 
  • Other supporting materials, such as a portfolio of work or a list of awards and honours 

Interested in scholarships for Germany? Check out our scholarship search page.

Apply to university in Germany

How to apply

The easiest way to apply to a German university as an international student is through Uni-Assist.  This service guides you step by step as you put together your application, it evaluates your certificates and sends your application to the university you’re interested in.

 

How much does it cost to apply to university?

The cost for the service is 75 EUR for the first application and 15 EUR for subsequent applications.

 

Can you apply directly to a university?

The alternative to Uni-Assist is to apply directly at the university and contact their International Office for assistance.

 

There are also differences between public and private universities. At public universities, admissions are regulated by “numerus clausus,”  a numbers-based system determining the number of available places on a programme. It doesn’t matter how good students are; the set number will be respected. Also, admission is based on high school marks, so again, the numbers will determine whether you get in or not.

 

However, demand is not as high for private universities because of their tuition fees, so getting in is considerably easier.

What’s the structure of the German academic year

 

The academic year in Germany generally runs from October 1st to September 30th of the following year and is divided into two main semesters:

1. Wintersemester: from October 1st to March 31st

The lecture period typically begins in mid-October and ends in mid-February, while the examination period typically lasts from late February to mid-March

There is also a semester break, usually from mid-February to mid-April

2. Sommersemester: from April 1st to September 30th

The lecture period typically begins in mid-April and ends in late July, with the examination period lasting from late July until mid-August. The semester break takes place from mid-August to mid-October.

 

There are also three extra short breaks during the academic year:

  • Christmas break: around Christmas and New Year time in late December - beginning of January.
  • Easter break: it depends on when Easter falls, but it’s usually in March or April
  • Pentecost break: usually one week in May or June (depending on when Pentecost falls)

 

Of course, there can be variations to this schedule depending on the individual university, so it’s always best to check with your university as well.

When to apply for German universities 

Depending on when your course starts, there are also two application deadlines: 15 July if your programme starts in the winter semester and 15 January if your programme starts with the summer semester.

 

Documents needed to apply for university

The specific documents required to apply to a German university may vary depending on the program and the university. However, here is a list of common documents that are usually required:

  • A completed application form: This can be an online application form or a paper-based form.
  • A copy of your high school diploma or equivalent: This may include a transcript of grades or a certificate of completion.
  • Proof of language proficiency: This may include a certificate of proficiency in German (such as TestDaF or DSH) or in English (such as TOEFL or IELTS), depending on the language of instruction of the program.
  • A curriculum vitae (CV): This should include your education, work experience, skills, and achievements.
  • A letter of motivation: This should explain why you are interested in the program and why you are a suitable candidate for it.
  • Letters of recommendation: These should be written by teachers, professors, or employers who can attest to your academic or professional abilities.
  • A valid passport or ID card: This is needed to prove your identity and citizenship.

 

It's important to note that some universities may require additional documents, such as a portfolio of artwork or a medical certificate. Make sure to check the specific requirements of each university and program before applying.

Language requirements

To study in Germany, you need to speak German or English. Most programmes of study require German, especially those at public universities.  

German Language requirements 

If you apply at a public university in Germany, chances are the main language of instruction will be German, so you will need to show proof of your German language skills by taking one of these tests: 

  • DSH (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang) - the German language exam for university entrance 

The test is organised and hosted by the university at which you apply, but keep in mind that not all universities offer this test. Check which institution offers DSH. 

  • TestDaF (Deutsche Sprachprüfung für den Hochschulzugang)  

The test can be taken both on paper and digitally at one of the registered test centres worldwide. Find the available centres to take TestDaF.  

 

English language requirements for German universities

If, on the other hand, you apply for an English-taught degree, you’ll have to show proof of English language proficiency, in which case these tests would apply (but check your university’s page to be sure which tests they accept): 

  • IELTS. You’ll get a score of 0 to 9 for each category (Listening, Reading, Writing, and Speaking), as well as an overall band score. Generally, German universities ask for a score of 6.0 or 6.5.   
  • TOEFL. The four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) have a score of 0 to 30 points each. You can get a maximum of 120 points. Many universities ask for a score of 90 to be admitted.  
  • PTE Academic. You can obtain a score between 10 and 90 points in the three sections Speaking & Writing, Reading, and Listening. To study for an undergraduate degree, you usually need a score between 51-60 points, and for a postgraduate degree a score of 57-67.  
  • Duolingo English test. The test is gaining more and more popularity and is already accepted by thousands of institutions worldwide. You’ll get a score between 10 and 160 points, where 95-100 points is the equivalent of the 6.0 IELTS score.  

 

>> To learn more about the different English tests you can take, read this comprehensive guide we’ve put together.  

How to Apply to a Master's in Germany

If you've decided to study a Master's degree at a university in Germany, you will have to gather the right documents to prove that you fit the university requirements. Provide complete personal information, previous qualifications, financial information, and a personal statement.

What documents do I need to provide to apply in Germany?

Before you start collecting all the documents needed to apply to a university in Germany, you will have to either have to check if your qualifications match those requested by the university with an HZB (Hochschulzugangsberechtigung) or attend an entrance examination (if you’re from outside the EU/EEA).

After you are cleared of these, you will need to check a certain process, called Numerus Clausus, which is a thorough process of selection.

The final step will be to provide these documents:

  • Certified copy of your previously completed degree;
  • An official translation of the course modules and grades;
  • A passport photo;
  • Copy of your passport;
  • Proof of language proficiency – German (and / or English);
  • A motivation letter;
  • Proof you covered the application fee.

Prove your English (or German) skills

If you decide you want to follow a course in German, you will need to provide certification you can study and manage your exams in this language. That’s why you will need to obtain one of these:

  • DSH (German language exam for university entrance) – available only in Germany;
  • TestDaF – available in 90 countries worldwide.

Otherwise, if you want to study one of the numerous programmes in English, offered by German universities, then you should have:

  • An IELTS English proficiency test;
  • A TOEFL English proficiency test.

Application deadlines for Germany

Like any application process, the sooner you start applying, the better. The two enrolment sessions you have to keep an eye on are:

  • Winter enrolment: between the end of May and 15th of July;
  • Summer enrolment: between the beginning of December and the 15th of January.

Student housing in Germany

Finding suitable and affordable housing can be a challenge, especially in major cities where demand is high. The main options you have in Germany are the following: 

  1. Student dormitories. Many universities have their own dormitories, which can be a good option for international students. These dormitories can be a bit basic, but they are affordable and offer a great opportunity to meet other students. 
  2. Student housing apartments. Many students in Germany live in shared apartments, called "WG" (Wohngemeinschaft). These apartments have shared kitchens and bathrooms, but each person has their own private room. 
  3. Off campus student housing - Private apartments. If you prefer to live alone or with family, you can also look for private apartments. However, these can be more expensive and harder to find, especially in big cities like Berlin, München, or Hamburg. 

Renting a one-bedroom apartment in Germany varies between 500 and 1000 EUR on average, depending on the city you choose (München and Stuttgart being the most expensive) and how close to the city centre you want to live. Of course, you can also share a flat, and that will amount to a smaller rent.  

 

Check these useful resources where you can find student accommodation: 

You can look for a flat on Amber - a private platform where you can easily book student accommodation across 9 countries.  

Studentenwerk is a student organisation that provides affordable housing options for students. They manage dormitories, shared apartments and single apartments at affordable prices. 

When to apply for student accommodation

You should start looking for accommodation as soon as possible, ideally several months before your planned move-in date, as long as you have an offer from the university you applied to.  

Many universities in Germany have their own housing facilities or partnerships with local accommodation providers, so it's also a good idea to check with your university's international office or student services department for information on available options and application deadlines. 

Cost of living in Germany

Overall, Germany is a more affordable place to live compared to other countries in Western Europe. You can make do with less than 1000 EUR per month. And if you combine this with free tuition fees, you’ve got a very budget-friendly study destination.  

 

Accommodation is likely to be your biggest expense. The cost of rent varies depending on the location and size of the apartment or room. In bigger cities like Berlin, München, or Hamburg, the average rent for a single room in a shared apartment ranges from €300 to €600 per month, while the average rent for a one-bedroom apartment ranges from €600 to €1000 euros per month. A monthly pass for public transportation can cost around €70 to €100 per month. 

Cost of food in Germany

The cost of food in Germany is relatively affordable, with a basic meal in a restaurant costing between 8 and 15 euros. Grocery shopping can also be affordable at discount stores like Lidl, Aldi, or Netto. Here are some general estimates of the cost of food in Germany: 

 

Groceries  

On average, a litre of milk costs around 0.70-1.20 EUR, a loaf of bread costs around 1-3 EUR, and a dozen eggs costs around 1-2 EUR. A kilogram of apples, bananas or potatoes costs around 1-2 EUR, and a kilogram of chicken or beef costs around 8-15 EUR. 

 

Eating Out 

A basic lunch in a fast-food restaurant or cafeteria can cost around 5-8 EUR, while a sit-down meal in a mid-range restaurant costs, on average, 12-25 EUR per person. Fine dining restaurants can be much more expensive, with prices ranging from 40-100 EUR per person or more. 

 

Drinks  

A water bottle (0.5 litres) is typically around 0.50 - 1 EUR, while a regular beer costs between 1.50 and 3 EUR in a bar or restaurant. A bottle of wine (750ml) can range from 5 to 15 EUR, with higher-end wines costing more. 

Work and study in Germany

Are international students allowed to work in Germany?

International students are allowed to work in Germany under certain conditions. If you are a non-EU citizen, you can work 120 full days or 240 half days per year. However, during semester breaks, you are allowed to work full-time. You must request permission from the Federal Employment Agency and the Foreigners' Office to work more than that.  Also, remember that international students are not allowed to work as self-employed or freelance. 

 

It's also worth noting that some degree programs may have their own limitations on the working hours for international students in Germany. Therefore, it's important to check with your university's international office or career centre for specific guidelines regarding employment for international students. 

 

On the other hand, if you are an EU citizen or a citizen of Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, or Switzerland, you can work in Germany without any restrictions. 

Where can I find jobs?

You can start by looking at specific job portals for student jobs in Germany. On these portals, you can find part-time work for students and flexible and short-term work opportunities.  

Some popular student job portals include: 

 

Moreover, many universities in Germany have career centres that can help students find work opportunities. These centres can provide information on job vacancies, internships, and career events, but they also guide in creating a resume and preparing for job interviews.  

>> Read this article for Tips on Finding Part-Time Jobs for International Students, including ideas of how to get an internship or online work-from-home jobs for students. 

There are also online communities and groups where students and professionals in Germany share job opportunities and career advice, like InterNations and Meetup. 

Is Germany safe?

In general, Germany is considered a safe country; however, you should use the same common-sense personal safety measures that you would use anywhere else in the world: 

1. Make sure you know the emergency numbers:  
  • 110 for emergencies that require the police (national Emergency Number) 
  • 112 for medical and fire emergencies (European Emergency Number) 
2. Avoid dark corners or streets at nights 3. Pay extra attention when you take money out from ATMs 4. Try not to walk around alone at night 5. Be mindful of pickpocketing  

In the case of health issues that require medical attention but are not so urgent as to require a trip to the hospital but can’t wait until you can see your GP (general practitioner), you can also call 116 117. 

Student insurance in Germany

Everyone living in Germany must have healthcare insurance, whether statutory or private. International students need health insurance as well, so you must already hold insurance when you enrol at the university at the start of the new semester.    

 

For that, you have several options:  

  1. Use health insurance from your home country. This situation applies to students from the EU (you need to request the European Health Insurance Card - EHIC from your country) and a few other countries with which Germany has such an agreement.  
  2. Take statutory health insurance from Germany, which will cost you around 110 EUR per month. 
  3. Choose health insurance from a private insurance provider in Germany  
  4. Pick a provider which specialises in student insurance, like AON. This insurance also covers student dental insurance, emergency assistance, personal possessions, and student travel insurance. 
  5. Opt for the health insurance offered by DAAD (German Academic Exchange Service) 

Support services available for international students

Your university is the most important place where you can find quality student support services during your university years, offering various services in mental health, academic support, language support, and others.  

 

Within your university, you should look for: 

  • The International Office: this is the first point of contact for international students where you can find support for issues specific to international study. 
  • Office of the University Registrar: which deals with general administrators tasks. 
  • The Students Union: a student organisation which represents and protects students’ rights. Each university has its own Students Union which is part of FZS - Free Federation of Student Unions 

 

Other organisations which offer great support for international students in Germany are: 

  1. DAAD - German Academic Exchange Service: the largest support organisation for international students in Germany 
  2. German National Association for Student Affairs: This organisation provides services to support international students in Germany, including information about accommodation, health insurance, and social events.  
  3. Study-in-Germany: website with a lot of useful information for international students. 
  4. Uni-Assist: the platform that helps international students apply to German universities.  
  5. The Federal Foreign Office: where you can find official information regarding Visa application and legal requirements of living in Germany. 
  6. Studentenwerke: a network of student service organisations, which provides a wide range of services to support students in their academic and personal lives. There are 58 Studentenwerke throughout the country. 

Student organisations

There are quite a few student organisations in Germany, fit for many different tastes and interests. We’ll go through some of the best-known ones: 

  1. AIESEC is a global youth-led organisation that provides leadership development and cross-cultural exchange opportunities for young people. It is present in over 120 countries, with several chapters in Germany. 
  2. The Erasmus Student Network (ESN) Germany is a student organisation that helps international students integrate into German university life. It offers social and cultural events, language courses, and other support services. 
  3. Campus for Change is a student-led organisation that focuses on sustainability and climate action. It supports student initiatives and projects, and advocates for sustainable policies on campus and beyond. 
  4. Enactus Germany works with students to develop and implement sustainable business projects that address social and environmental challenges. 
  5. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) is a professional association for engineers, scientists, and other professionals in the technology field. IEEE Germany provides networking opportunities, conferences, and other resources for students interested in the field. 

Things to do for students on a budget

Germany has plenty of things to do for students on a budget like visiting museums and galleries because many of them offer free admission, particularly on certain days of the week or during specific hours. There are also a lot of events like concerts and sports events which have discounted admission for students with a valid student ID card.

 

In Germany, you also have the opportunity to spend time in nature because there are many parks, forests, and other natural landscapes worth exploring. You can go for a hike, have a picnic, or simply relax in nature without spending any money.

 

Moreover, some of the best free things to do in Germany for students are street festivals, concerts, and markets organised in cities across the country. These are a great way to experience the local culture.

Top urban attractions for students

  1. Oktoberfest: Held annually in Munchen, Oktoberfest is the world's largest beer festival and draws millions of visitors from around the world. The festival runs for 16 days, usually from mid to late September until the first weekend in October, and features traditional Bavarian food, music, and of course, plenty of beer.
  2. Karneval/Fasching: Also known as the "fifth season," Karneval/Fasching is a pre-Lenten festival celebrated in many regions of Germany. The festivities usually include parades, costumes, music, and dancing, and take place in February or March.
  3. Christmas Markets: This is one of the best things to do in Germany in winter. Found in many cities and towns across Germany, these markets offer traditional crafts, foods, and gifts, as well as plenty of glühwein (mulled wine) and other holiday treats.
  4. Berlin International Film Festival: Also known as the Berlinale, this film festival is one of the most prestigious in the world and takes place annually in Berlin in February. The festival showcases films from around the globe, and attracts filmmakers, industry professionals, and movie fans from around the world.
  5. Berlin Wall: The Berlin Wall was a symbol of the Cold War, and its remains serve as a powerful reminder of the country's divided past. Visitors can see portions of the wall still standing, as well as the Checkpoint Charlie Museum, which chronicles the wall's history.

 

Top 5 Outdoor Attractions:

  1. The Romantic Road: The Romantic Road is a picturesque route that winds through some of Germany's most beautiful towns and villages, including Rothenburg ob der Tauber and Augsburg. The route is perfect for a road trip and offers plenty of scenic beauty and historic landmarks.
  2. The Black Forest: Located in southwestern Germany, the Black Forest is a dense, evergreen forest known for its natural beauty, cuckoo clocks, and traditional Black Forest cake. Visitors can hike, bike, and explore the many towns and villages in the area.
  3. Rhein in Flammen: Rhein in Flammen, or "Rhine in Flames," is a series of summer festivals held along the Rhine River. The festivals feature elaborate fireworks displays, music, and other entertainment, and take place in various towns and cities along the river.
  4. Neuschwanstein Castle: This castle, located in the Bavarian Alps, is the inspiration for the famous Disney castle and is one of Germany's most popular tourist destinations.
  5. Brandenburg Gate: One of Berlin's most recognizable landmarks, the Brandenburg Gate is an 18th-century triumphal arch and a symbol of unity and peace.

 

Travelling in Germany

 

In Germany, you can travel by train, bus, trams, and ferries. As a student, you might receive a free travel card from your university, but even if you don’t, princes are quite affordable. 

 

The Deutsche Bahn (DB) is the national railway company and operates both regional and long-distance trains. If you are under 27, you can receive student travel discounts and find tickets starting from 12.90 EUR.

 

Other useful resources are:

  • BVG Berlin which operates the public transportation system in Berlin.
  • MVG Munich which operates the public transportation system in Munich.
  • RMV Frankfurt which operates the public transportation system in the Frankfurt Rhine-Main region.
  • VRR Ruhr which operates the public transportation system in the Ruhr area.

Moreover, while studying a German university, you can take advantage of different programmes such as:

  • Erasmus+ a European Union program that provides funding for students to study, work, or volunteer in another EU country.
  • The German Youth Hostel Association which offers affordable accommodation. 
  • Youth Interrail Pass, you can buy a discounted interrail pass to travel by train either in Germany, in Europe, or across the world. 

Learning German

Many language schools in Germany offer courses for anybody interested in learning. Some popular language schools include  

  • Goethe-Institut is a global organisation that promotes the German language and culture through language courses, cultural events, and examinations. 
  • Berlitz, a language education company that offers a range of language courses, including German, through various formats such as in-person classes, online courses, and self-study materials. 
  • DeutschAkademie, a language school which offers German courses for various levels of proficiency, both in-person and online, with a focus on small class sizes and personalised teaching. 

 

Many universities in Germany also offer German language courses for international students. Some universities even have preparatory courses for those students who want to study with them but do not meet the language requirements yet. 

 

A third option is online courses. These allow you to learn German from anywhere in the world. Some popular online language-learning platforms include  

  • Duolingo is a very popular language-learning app that offers gamified lessons for free. You can learn a variety of languages, including German, and can access it both on mobile devices and web browsers. 
  • Babbel is another language-learning app that offers interactive lessons and exercises for a subscription fee. It provides personalised feedback and tracks progress, and covers a range of languages, including German. 
  • Rosetta Stone is a language-learning software which offers personalised lessons and feedback, and you can learn German for a subscription fee. 

Living as an expat in Germany

Germany is a welcoming and multicultural society; expats can find many opportunities to connect with others and explore the country's rich culture. However, if you managed through your studies without learning German, now it’s time you start language classes. If you want to be successful in the job market, speaking the country’s official language is very important in Germany.  

Finding expat apartments is usually not difficult, and if you pick something outside the city centre or choose to share the apartment, you can get by with an affordable rent.  

 

At the same time, remember that health insurance is mandatory for all residents, including expats. Similarly to when you were a student, you can choose between public or private health insurance, depending on your needs and preferences. Public health insurance is generally more affordable, while private health insurance offers more personalised care and additional benefits such as dental and vision coverage. 

 

Expat communities in Germany

According to Deutschland.de, a service of The Federal Foreign Office, the best cities for expats in Germany are Aachen, Düsseldorf, Hamburg, and Frankfurt am Main. These results are based on a survey taken by 20,000 expats and revealed 8 German cities in total, which were among the 82 most popular with the ex-pat community.  

 

At the same time, you can look at the quality of life in general in Germany and discover that apart from the four cities mentioned above, Berlin, München, Nürenberg, and Stuttgartare some of the best places to live in Germany for expats. 

 

In terms of what nationalities are predominant in Germany, based on the Federal Statistical Office of Germany, at the end of 2021, the largest migrant population was Turkish, followed by Polish, Romanian, and Syrian people. 

 

If you want to connect with fellow nationals in Germany, you can start by joining DEGIS, the biggest international student network in Germany. Here you can participate in events, meet other students, and volunteer with them to gain useful experience.

Germany Immigration rules

How your immigration status changes after graduation

Once you graduate, if you are from outside the EU, the main thing that changes is that you will no longer have a study Visa so you’ll need to find a different type of visa to stay in the country. Depending on your situation, you have several different Visa options.

 

Keep in mind that the German immigration process can be complex, and there are fees associated with it. The current immigrant visa application processing fee is €75. Additionally, applicants may need to provide extra documentation and attend an in-person interview.

Types of Visa

The type of Visa you need after graduation depends on what you want to do regarding work and employment. The main categories for you are:

  1. Job seeker visa. This visa allows recent graduates to stay in Germany for up to six months while they search for employment. If a job is found, the individual can then apply for a work visa.
  2. Language course visa. This visa allows individuals to stay in Germany for up to one year while they study the German language. This can be a great way to improve language skills and increase employability in Germany.
  3. Visa for the self-employed. This type is for those who are active in liberal professions like Art, Science, or Education and work as self-employed, as well as for those who wish to start their own business in Germany.
  4.  Work visa. This type covers several possible situations:

 

Immigration processing times

Processing times for German visas can range from a few weeks to several months. For example, a job seeker visa may take approximately 4-6 weeks to process, while a family reunion visa can take several months.

Job opportunities in Germany

Germany has some of the lowest unemployment rates in the European Union while having the largest economy in the EU. This means there is a constant need for skilled workers and educated people to fulfil the labour force demands in the country.  

 

Apart from having a lot of work opportunities, the work-life balance in Germany is excellent, and the average gross monthly salary is 4,105 EUR.  

 

If you decide to stay and look for graduate jobs, here are some starting points:  

 

If you want to know more about working in Germany, you should also check  

  • Expatica, with its comprehensive guide on how to find a job in Germany 
  • EXpatrio, which gives a lot of useful information about the German work environment 

Continue your studies in Germany

If you are an international student who will graduate from a German university and would like to continue your studies in Germany, there are several options available to you: 

  1. Pursue a Master’s degree: you can apply for a tuition-free Master's degree if you already have a Bachelor's earned in Germany, as long as you continue in the same field of study at a public university. Head over here to see over 1800 Masters in Germany. 
  2. Apply for a PhD: if you are interested in pursuing a research-based degree and already have a Master’s degree, you can apply for a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) programme in Germany. You can opt for an individual doctorate (self-directed research under one professor) or a structured PhD where you have team supervision and courses, and it’s usually advertised with grants. Here’s a list of PhDs in Germany.   
  3. Apply for a postgraduate diploma or certificate: postgraduate certificates and diplomas in Germany can be obtained from universities, technical colleges, and private institutions. They are typically non-degree programs that focus on practical, job-oriented training and often include a combination of coursework and hands-on experience. 
  4. Apply for a professional qualification: professions such as law, medicine, or teaching require additional qualifications beyond a degree. You can apply for these professional qualifications through professional organisations or regulatory institutions. 

Frequently asked questions

1. Do international students need a visa to study in Germany? 

Non-EU/EEA students need a visa to study in Germany. The type of visa you need depends on your country of origin and the length of your stay. 

2. Is studying in Germany worth it? 

Studying in Germany can be worth it for many students because of the high-quality education, international reputation of German universities, and opportunities for research and career development. However, it ultimately depends on your individual goals and circumstances. 

3. What is the cost of studying in Germany? 

Studying in Germany can be free at public universities, except for the Brandenburg state. However, other expenses are to consider, such as accommodation, health insurance, and living costs. Overall, you can study in Germany for less than 12,000 per year if you opt for a tuition-free university. 

4. How much money is required to study in Germany? 

The amount of money required to study in Germany varies depending on factors such as the location of your university, your lifestyle, and the type of program you are studying. You can live in Germany with less than 1000 EUR per month if you budget well. According to Bundesausbildungsförderungsgesetz (official student loans and scholarships regulator in Germany), the exact estimate is a minimum of €934 per month or €11,208 per year. If you’re a student of a non-EU country, you’ll have to show proof that you have the possibility to cover these finances when you apply for a Visa.  

5. Can I study in Germany without IELTS? 

Yes, it is possible to study in Germany without IELTS. Some universities may accept other language proficiency tests or allow students to take language courses at the university before beginning their degree program. 

6. What are the requirements to study in Germany? 

The requirements to study in Germany vary depending on the level of education and the program you are applying for. Generally, you will need to have completed secondary education and have proof of language proficiency (either German or English depending on the language of instruction for your course), as well as meet any additional requirements set by your chosen university. 

7. What exams are required to study in Germany? 

The main requirement is to pass the final school examination in your home country, which must be the equivalent of the German Abitur or the A-levels or the Baccalaureate. Apart from that, you will have to take a language exam and, depending on your programme, you might also have to sit additional tests. For example, for Med School, you will likely have to pass the "Test für Medizinische Studiengänge" (TMS), a subject-specific university entry examination.  

8. How to get permanent residency while studying in Germany? 

International students in Germany can apply for permanent residency two years after completing their studies if they meet certain requirements, such as being employed as a skilled worker and having sufficient financial resources. 

Interesting programmes for you

Find PhDs Degrees in Germany

What subject to study in Germany?

Recent international policies promote international university cooperation and student exchange between countries worldwide. High-quality study and PhD degrees are made more available to students in order to create a global educational network, achievable through student and staff mobility. Career and research oriented programmes support international student development.

University cooperation enables students study worldwide, for instance in Australia, Asia, Europe and the United States and provides ways of recognizing previous degrees. Different study options offer appropriate alternatives to students, depending on their preferred mode of study.

Many study programmes in Australia, Asia, Europe and North America are English-taught. The most popular international student destinations include the following countries: Australia, Belgium, China, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom, the United States, and more. However, these are not the only countries offering English-taught education. The rest of the world is full of endless study choices, from highly ranked to smaller, more specialized, universities.

PhD (postgraduate) Degrees

If you want further education beyond the undergraduate level or if you want more personal development or a career in academia, you could obtain a PhD degree. PhD degrees are postgraduate programmes that usually follow a Master's, MPhil or MRes, but there might be additional requirements depending on the university. Students are required to do their own research in a chosen topic. With the help of a supervisor, you develop knowledge and analytical skills in a specific or multidisciplinary field and you carry out independent research. The duration of a PhD degree differs per country and institution. Sometimes your own research is accompanied by work for the department such as giving seminars or small group teaching.

PhD students are required to study on campus under close supervision, but there are universities that accept students enrolled into a part-time distance education PhD degree. Studying on campus can also be full-time as well as part-time, in which case the part-time variant is normally twice as long as the full-time study.

Discover other countries

Netherlands
Netherlands
The Netherlands is a very popular study destination. Internationals choose this beautiful country because Dutch universities are some of the best in Europe, the living standards are high, foreigners are always welcome, and you get to live in one of the happiest and safest countries in the world. The Netherlands is also renowned for innovative technologies and engineering solutions, which is reflected in the wide range of Engineering degrees offered by universities. English is spoken by around 90% of Dutch citizens, so forget about language barriers. Also, bike lanes and the “cycling culture” will help you to stay fit and healthy, and there are diverse job opportunities and internships for international students.
Finland
Finland
Finland is an excellent choice for all internationals and especially for EU/EEA students who can study at local public universities for free. The beautiful Nordic country has one of the best education systems in the world and ranks among the safest and happiest nations in the world. You can also choose from over 400 English-taught programmes. In your spare time, you can explore the breathtaking Finnish nature and landscapes, as well as the numerous lakes that give the country the nickname ‘The Land of a Thousand Lakes.’ From here, you can easily travel to neighbouring countries like Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Russia, or Estonia.
France
France
France is a study destination whose romance, academic environment, and style of life charm thousands of international students every year. Students can enjoy the best of both worlds: the chance to enrol at top-ranked European universities while paying some of the lowest tuition fees worldwide. The Hexagon, a local nickname for France, is a multicultural hub, allowing you to meet, get to know, and develop friendships with people from all over the globe. There’s also a significant number of English-taught degrees (over 1,500). You can also learn French, the language of love, which will allow you to enjoy even more the local cuisine and touristic attractions and will make you a stand-out applicant on the job market.
Ireland
Ireland
Ireland is among the top countries in the world in terms of quality of life, peace, safety, and development. It represents an appealing blend of beautiful landscapes, English-speaking environments, and a strong, welcoming, and rich culture — of which the Irish people are very proud. International students also enjoy the full support of Irish universities, which hire and train staff that are able to help with accommodation, studies, visa details, or any other challenge.
Norway
Norway
Norway is a paradise for anyone who wants to study abroad for free. Public universities don’t charge any tuition fees. This policy applies to all international students, regardless of their nationality. The academic standard is very high, and professors are easy to approach, always willing to go the extra mile for their students. Additionally, classes are organised in small groups, which further improves learning and cooperation. You can choose from a wide range of English-taught programmes, and you don’t need to worry about language barriers outside of classes either, because most Norwegians speak English as a second language. Internationals should find it easy to adapt to Norway’s society, which is based on equality and fair opportunities — reflected both in the legal system and in people’s behaviour.
Greece
Greece
Greece is the cradle of European civilization and the birthplace of philosophy. Greek universities and colleges have a long history in academics, attracting international students from all over the world. Classes are not typically formal, so you can expect open discussions between students and professors, in line with the classical philosophical debate tradition. EU/EEA students don’t pay any tuition at public universities, while non-EU/EEA citizens pay low fees. In Greece, you’ll also enjoy the well-known local hospitality and the wonderful Mediterranean climate. There are many landmarks and monuments waiting to be explored, including the Acropolis, Delphi, the Parthenon, and many others.
Sweden
Sweden
Sweden is a very ambitious, eco-friendly, and visionary country. For example, by 2040, it aims to produce all its energy from renewable sources. Universities play an important role in achieving development goals, thanks to their world-class research facilities. If you’re from the EU/EEA, you can study at public universities for free. As a student, you will discover and easily adopt the three main values of Swedish society: freedom, equality, and sustainability. These values are reflected in every aspect of the local society, and you’ll quickly learn to appreciate them. Language barriers are also almost non-existent since around 80% of Swedes speak English.
Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland has one of the most advanced free-market economies, which is reflected in the high living standards and the satisfaction of people living here. In terms of higher education, Swiss universities are constantly ranked among the best in Europe, and they shine in areas like Business, Tourism, Culinary Arts, and Engineering. When compared to Western universities, tuition fees in Switzerland are affordable, and all studies — especially PhD programmes — are world-class. You’ll have the opportunity to develop in a multilingual environment and try learning international languages like German, French, or Italian. If you settle down here, the unemployment rates are low, and salaries are well above the European average.
United Kingdom
United Kingdom
Universities in the UK are some of the most highly regarded in the world, and for good reasons. Some of the world's most highly regarded research takes place in British universities, which are regularly featured in international rankings. While studying in the UK, you will be able to develop in a highly multicultural environment with high chances of pursuing lucrative careers after graduation. The teaching in the UK is designed to encourage new idea generation, encouraging individual research and group cooperation, through class discussions and creative assignments.
Canada
Canada
Canada is one of the most popular study destinations in the world due to its high focus on the quality of its universities and its emphasis on attracting international students who can later immigrate. Canadians are very welcoming to international students and they invest a lot into making sure students are safe, treated fairly, and enjoy their stay in the country. Study in one of the strongest economies in the world while enjoying a high living standard and a flexible study environment. Classes have smaller student groups ensuring everyone gets the attention they need, and encouraging group assignments and debates.
United States
United States
The United States is home to some of the most prestigious universities and colleges in the world. With over 150 universities featured in international rankings, the U.S. has some of the best business schools, medical schools, and engineering schools. Universities and colleges in the U.S. are well known for academic flexibility and ways to customize your study experience with optional studies and extracurricular activities. Depending on where you will be studying, you will be able to visit iconic places like the Statue of Liberty, Empire State Building, Goldengate Bridge, The Grand Canyon, Mount Rushmore, Disney's Magic Kingdom Park, and much more.
Israel
Israel
Israel attracts international students through high standards of education and a wide range of English-taught degrees. Local universities shine in areas like Technology, Sciences, Business, and Entrepreneurship. In fact, Israel is a renowned land of innovation, having earned itself the nickname ‘Start-Up Nation’. While living and studying here, you will discover a wonderful culture developed throughout 4,000 years of history; different cultural influences are noticeable everywhere, especially in Israeli food, art, and history. In major cities, English is widely spoken, so communication shouldn’t be a problem. In your spare time, you can visit one of the over 400 nature reserves and 80 national parks.
Australia
Australia
By studying in Australia you will take advantage of the great student environment both inside and outside classrooms. In addition to some of the best business and engineering schools in the world, you will be able to explore a greatly developed country that still retains its wild side with its warm climate, beautiful beaches, and the Great Outback, with over 500 national parks. Many Australian universities provide internships and work placements, preparing students early on for the job market.
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